A systematic review and network meta-analysis on the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions for reducing the injury incidence in youth team-sport players. Part 2: an analysis by movement patterns.

The objectives of this network meta-analysis were: (a) to estimate and compare the pooled effects of some injury prevention programs (IPPs) whose exercise-based components were categorized using a movement pattern-specific taxonomy on reducing overall and some specific body regions (lower extremity, thigh, knee, and ankle) injury incidences in youth team sport athletes and (b) to explore the individual effects of these components on the injury incidence rates (IIRs) previously mentioned. Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library. Eligible criteria were: exercise-based interventions comprised of exercises involving athletic motor skill competencies and evaluated against a control group, overall IIRs were reported, and youth (≤19 years old) team sport players. For the current analysis, a taxonomy based on movement patterns was employed for exercise component identification (upper body pushing and pulling; lower body concentric and eccentric; core; mechanics; acceleration; and lower body stability). Pooled effects were calculated by frequentist random effects pairwise and network meta-analyses. Nineteen studies were included. Most of the IPPs exhibit risk reduction when compared to their control groups on overall, lower extremity, and ankle injuries. Interventions comprised of lower body concentric and eccentric, core, mechanics, and lower body stability exercises were the most effective measures for reducing these injuries. None of the IPPs demonstrated to be effective for reducing thigh injuries, and contradictory results were found for knee injuries. Individual analysis at component level revealed that the lower body (bilateral and unilateral, concentric, and eccentric) component was the only one associated with a significant reduction on overall injuries. Indirect evidence suggests that interventions incorporating lower body concentric and eccentric, core, mechanics, and lower body stability exercises might be the most effective for reducing overall, lower extremity, and ankle injuries in youth team sports.

The categorization of exercise components based on the movement patterns might, a priori, be considered a criterion more closely associated with the injury phenomenon.Lower body concentric and eccentric, core, mechanics, and lower body stability exercises should be incorporated to any training program aimed at minimizing the risk of injury in youth.The ineffectiveness of interventions on the reduction of thigh injuries reveals the need for reconsideration of injury prevention strategies.

Transparency in Cognitive Training Meta-analyses: A Meta-review.

Meta-analyses often present flexibility regarding their inclusion criteria, outcomes of interest, statistical analyses, and assessments of the primary studies. For this reason, it is necessary to transparently report all the information that could impact the results. In this meta-review, we aimed to assess the transparency of meta-analyses that examined the benefits of cognitive training, given the ongoing controversy that exists in this field. Ninety-seven meta-analytic reviews were included, which examined a wide range of populations with different clinical conditions and ages. Regarding the reporting, information about the search of the studies, screening procedure, or data collection was detailed by most reviews. However, authors usually failed to report other aspects such as the specific meta-analytic parameters, the formula used to compute the effect sizes, or the data from primary studies that were used to compute the effect sizes. Although some of these practices have improved over the years, others remained the same. Moreover, examining the eligibility criteria of the reviews revealed a great heterogeneity in aspects such as the training duration, age cut-offs, or study designs that were considered. Preregistered meta-analyses often specified poorly how they would deal with the multiplicity of data or assess publication bias in their protocols, and some contained non-disclosed deviations in their eligibility criteria or outcomes of interests. The findings shown here, although they do not question the benefits of cognitive training, illustrate important aspects that future reviews must consider.

Obesity and overweight as risk factors for low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity and overweight are associated with musculoskeletal pain, but the association between low back pain (LBP) and overweight/obesity in this population needs clarification. The objective of this meta-analysis is to ascertain the relationship between LBP and obesity/overweight in children and adolescents. METHODS: Various databases and specialized journals were queried from inception to October 2022. Encompassed were all studies examining the association between overweight or obesity and LBP among participants aged 6 to 18 years. The ROBINS-E tool was employed to assess bias. Random-effects models were used to pool results across studies, with location-scale models used to search for moderator variables where evidence of heterogeneity was found. RESULTS: In total, 34 studies were incorporated. Four studies had a low risk of bias, while the remaining studies had some concerns. Nine studies evinced an association between overweight and LBP, in contrast to normal weight, yielding an OR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.10-1.16) and no heterogeneity. Eight studies demonstrated a similar association between obesity and LBP compared to normal weight, with an OR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.20-1.34) and no heterogeneity. Ten studies established an association between overweight/obesity and LBP compared to normal weight, yielding an OR of 1.18 (95% CI 1.14-1.23) and no heterogeneity. Finally, nineteen studies showcased an association between body mass index (BMI) and LBP, with an OR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.03-1.39) with evidence of heterogeneity. For this last analysis, we compared the mean BMI in groups and transformed results to log OR, and then retransformed to OR. CONCLUSION: Overweight and obesity may be risk factors for LBP in children and adolescents. The association between LBP and obesity appears to be stronger than with overweight. However, the analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity and risk of bias across studies.

Pd-Catalyzed Formal [2 + 2]-Retrocyclization of Cyclobutanols via 2-Fold Csp3-Csp3 Bond Cleavage.

In this work, we describe the unexpected 2-fold Csp3-Csp3 bond cleavage suffered by cyclobutanols in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 and promoted by the bulky biaryl JohnPhos ligand. Overall, the sequential cleavage of a strained and an unstrained Csp3-Csp3 bond leads to the formal [2 + 2]-retrocyclization products, namely, styrene and acetophenone derivatives. This procedure might enable the use of cyclobutanols as masked acetyl groups, resisting harsh conditions in organic synthesis.

Diseño y validación del cuestionario ACPAPS para valorar la atención centrada en la persona por el médico de familia / Design and validation of the ACPAPS questionnaire to assess person-centred care by the family doctor

Objetivos: Diseño, construcción y validación de un test autocumplimentable que permita al médico de familia (MF) valorar en qué medida integra en su práctica clínica la atención centrada en la persona (ACP).Diseño: Cualitativo. Diseño de cuestionarios. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria. Participantes: 214 MF y residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria de 62 de los 80 centros de salud de la comunidad autónoma de Murcia. Métodos: Construcción de un cuestionario a partir de un banco de 873 ítems provenientes de una revisión sistemática y un estudio Delphi. Revisión por panel de 8 expertos ACP. Realización de pretest cognitivo con 10 MF. Se invita a participar a los médicos de 62 centros de salud. Con las respuestas medimos la fiabilidad, la validez y la factibilidad. Resultados: El cuestionario final contiene 37 ítems. Medimos la fiabilidad a través de la consistencia interna con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,915. Para la validez de constructo, el test de esfericidad de Bartlett adecuado y la medida de Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin de 0,889 nos permitió realizar un análisis factorial con la extracción de nueve factores (regla de Kaiser), siendo 5 los principales (Scree Test), cuyos ítems coinciden con las dimensiones propuestas por los expertos. Para valorar su factibilidad consideramos la tasa de respuesta del 31,15%, el tiempo de respuesta de 17 minutos 23 segundos, y solo el 0,9% de encuestados consideraban el cuestionario largo o complejo. Conclusiones: El cuestionario ACPAPS es una herramienta fiable, válida y factible para valorar la ACP en el MF, lo cual tiene múltiples y trascendentes aplicaciones.(AU)

Objectives: Design, construction and validation of a self-completion test that allows the Family Physician (FP) to assess the extent to which he/she integrates person-centred care (PCC) in his/her clinical practice. Design: Qualitative. Questionnaire design. Location: Primary care. Participants: Two hundred and fourteen family and community medicine physicians and residents, from 62 of the 80 health centres in the autonomous community of Murcia (Spain). Methods: Construction of a questionnaire from a bank of 873 items from a systematic review and a Delphi study. Review by PCC panel of experts (8). Cognitive pretest with 10 FP. Doctors from 62 health centres were invited to participate. With the responses we measured reliability, validity and feasibility. Results: The final questionnaire contains 37 items. We measured reliability through internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .915. For construct validity, the appropriate Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin measure of .889 allowed us to carry out a factor analysis with the extraction of nine factors (Kaiser's rule) with five main factors (Scree test) whose items coincide with the dimensions proposed by the experts. To assess its feasibility we considered the response rate of 31.15%, the response time of 17minutes 23seconds and only .9% of respondents considered the questionnaire long or complex. Conclusions: The ACPAPS questionnaire is a reliable, valid and feasible tool to assess PCC in FM, which has multiple and far-reaching applications.(AU)

[Design and validation of the ACPAPS questionnaire to assess person-centred care by the family doctor]. / Diseño y validación del cuestionario ACPAPS para valorar la atención centrada en la persona por el médico de familia.

OBJECTIVES: Design, construction and validation of a self-completion test that allows the Family Physician (FP) to assess the extent to which he/she integrates person-centred care (PCC) in his/her clinical practice. DESIGN: Qualitative. Questionnaire design. LOCATION: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and fourteen family and community medicine physicians and residents, from 62 of the 80 health centres in the autonomous community of Murcia (Spain). METHODS: Construction of a questionnaire from a bank of 873 items from a systematic review and a Delphi study. Review by PCC panel of experts (8). Cognitive pretest with 10 FP. Doctors from 62 health centres were invited to participate. With the responses we measured reliability, validity and feasibility. RESULTS: The final questionnaire contains 37 items. We measured reliability through internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .915. For construct validity, the appropriate Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin measure of .889 allowed us to carry out a factor analysis with the extraction of nine factors (Kaiser's rule) with five main factors (Scree test) whose items coincide with the dimensions proposed by the experts. To assess its feasibility we considered the response rate of 31.15%, the response time of 17minutes 23seconds and only .9% of respondents considered the questionnaire long or complex. CONCLUSIONS: The ACPAPS questionnaire is a reliable, valid and feasible tool to assess PCC in FM, which has multiple and far-reaching applications.

Administration time effect of dietary proanthocyanidins on the metabolome of Fischer 344 rats is sex- and diet-dependent.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are one of the most commonly ingested polyphenols in the human diet, with a wide range of beneficial health effects. Remarkably, PAs have been reported to influence core and peripheral clock genes expression, and their effects may change in a time-of-day dependent manner. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the capacity of PAs to modulate the metabolome is conditioned by the time-of-day in which these compounds are consumed in a diet- and sex-dependent manner. To do this, a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) was administered to female and male Fischer 344 rats at ZT0 (in the morning) and ZT12 (at night) and the GSPE administration time effect was evaluated on clock genes expression, melatonin hormone and serum metabolite levels in a healthy and obesogenic context. The results showed an administration time effect of GSPE on the metabolome in a sex and diet-dependent manner. Specifically, there was an effect on amino acid, lipid and cholate metabolite levels that correlated with the central clock genes expression. Therefore, this study shows a strong influence of sex and diet on the PAs effects on the metabolome, modulated in turn by the time-of-day.

Immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and granule defects in gray platelet syndrome.

Since the description of the first case with gray platelet syndrome (GPS) in 1971, this rare inherited platelet disorder has been the focus of extensive clinical and basic research. These studies have not only increased our knowledge about the clinical manifestations of GPS but also deepened our understanding of the biogenesis of platelet α-granules and their pathophysiology in hemostasis and thrombosis. The discovery of the causal gene, neurobeachin-like 2, in 2011 was a milestone in hematology. Following this was the rapid diagnosis and phenotyping of many new patients and the further development of experimental models to characterize the pathophysiological relevance of neurobeachin-like 2 in hemostasis and immunity. The impact of altered protein function on cells other than platelets became apparent, including defects in the granules of neutrophils and monocytes and changes in the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of other immune cells such as T lymphocytes. Besides the previously recognized clinical manifestations of macrothrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and early-onset bone marrow fibrosis, we now recognize that immunologic abnormalities, including autoimmune diseases and recurrent infections, affect a proportion of patients with GPS. There is a proinflammatory signature of the plasma in GPS, with quantitative alterations of multiple proteins, including many produced by the liver. This review will cover the classical features of GPS and then focus on additional clinical manifestations of immune dysregulation and cellular defects beyond platelets in patients with this rare disorder.

Resultados obtenidos tras el tratamiento quirúrgico de los pacientes con metástasis hepáticas de sarcomas / Surgical and oncological results after surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with sarcoma liver metastases

Introducción: La presencia de metástasis hepáticas en pacientes con sarcomas se asocia a peor pronóstico, aunque en casos seleccionados la resección de dichas metástasis se ha propuesto para aumentar la supervivencia. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la evolución postoperatoria y los resultados oncológicos tras la resección hepática. Métodos: Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico. Se incluyen pacientes diagnosticados de metástasis hepáticas de sarcoma intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre 2003-2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron la presencia de enfermedad resecable, la presencia de enfermedad extrahepática controlada no se consideró criterio de irresecabilidad. Resultados: Diecinueve pacientes se sometieron a resección hepática de 7 tipos distintos de estirpes sarcomatosas. La mediana de edad fue de 58 años. Las metástasis se diagnosticaron 25 meses de mediana tras el primario, 6 (32%) presentaron lesiones sincrónicas y 12 (63%) estaban afectos de enfermedad extrahepática. Se realizó hepatectomía mayor en 5 (26%) pacientes; se describieron 8 (42%) complicaciones menores. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 33 meses. El análisis de supervivencia se realizó estratificando en 2 grupos, la supervivencia fue del 100%, 85,7% y del 42,9% al año, a los 3 años y a los 5 años, en los no-GIST, y del 100% y del 40% a los 5 y 10 años en los GIST. Conclusiones: El abordaje quirúrgico de las metástasis hepáticas de sarcoma parece aumentar la supervivencia en pacientes seleccionados, asociando pocas complicaciones. En nuestra serie, la tasa de enfermedad extrahepática es elevada en comparación con series previas, no obstante la supervivencia es equiparable. Dichos resultados apoyan la resección hepática en pacientes con enfermedad extrahepática estable. (AU)

Introduction: The presence of liver metastases in sarcomatous tumors is associated with poor prognosis. However, in selected patients, surgical resection has been suggested as a tool to improve survival rates. The aim of our study is to describe postoperative and oncological outcomes after liver resection. Methods: A retrospective unicentric study was conducted including patients diagnosed with hepatic metastases from soft tissue sarcoma who underwent hepatic resection between 2003 and 2019. The inclusion criteria were the presence of resectable disease, including synchronic and metachronic lesions. The presence of extra-hepatic controlled disease was not considered unresectable. Results: Nineteen patients underwent liver resection for liver metastasis of 7 different sarcomatous subtypes. Median age was 58-yo. Liver metastases were diagnosed a median 25 months after primary tumor diagnosis. Six patients (32%) suffered of synchronic metastases and 12 (63%) were affected of extrahepatic disease. Major hepatectomy was done in 5 (26%) patients, 8 (42%) minor complications were described. Median follow-up was 33 months. Survival analysis was performed independently for, GIST tumors and non-GIST sarcomas. One, three and five-year survival rate was 100%, 85.7% and 42.9% in non-GIST sarcomas, while five and ten-year survival rate was 100% and 40% in GIST, respectively. Conclusions: Surgical approach of liver metastases of sarcomatous tumors seems to be useful in order to improve survival in selected patients, while associated to be of low complications rate. In our cohort, extrahepatic disease rate is high in comparison with series published before, nevertheless survival is comparable. These results support performing surgical resection in selected patients with stable extrahepatic disease. (AU)

Pacientes críticos COVID-19. ¿Han variado el manejo y los resultados en la UCI tras un año de pandemia? Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, observacional / Critical patients COVID-19 has changed the management and outcomes in the ICU after 1 year of the pandemic? A multicenter, prospective, observational study

Objetivo: Comparar las características clínicas, los tratamientos y la evolución de los pacientes críticos con neumonía por COVID-19 atendidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) tras un año de pandemia. Metodología: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, en el que se incluyó pacientes críticos COVID-19 en 9 UCI del noroeste de España. Se compararon las características clínicas, los tratamientos y la evolución de pacientes ingresados en UCI durante los meses de marzo-abril de 2020 (periodo1) con pacientes ingresados en enero-febrero de 2021 (periodo2). Resultados: Se incluyeron 337 pacientes (98 en el periodo1 y 239 en el periodo2). En el periodo2 menos pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) (65% vs 84%, p<0,001), utilizándose con mayor frecuencia cánulas nasales de alto flujo (CNAF) (70% vs 7%, p<0,001), ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) (40% vs 14%, p<0,001), corticoides (100% vs 96%, p=0,007) y posición de decúbito prono tanto en pacientes despiertos (42% vs 28%, p=0,012) como en pacientes intubados (67% vs 54%, p=0,034). Los días de VMI, de estancia en UCI y hospitalaria fueron inferiores en el periodo2. La mortalidad fue similar en los dos periodos estudiados (16% vs 17%). Conclusiones: Tras un año de pandemia, observamos que en los pacientes ingresados en UCI se ha utilizado con mayor frecuencia CNAF, VMNI, uso del decúbito prono y corticoides, disminuyendo los pacientes en VMI, así como los tiempos de estancia en UCI y de estancia hospitalaria. La mortalidad ha sido similar en los dos periodos a estudio.(AU)

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated in intensive care units (ICU) after one year of pandemic. Methodology: Multicenter, prospective study, which included critical COVID-19 patients in 9 ICUs in northwestern Spain. The clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of patients admitted to the ICU during the months of March-April 2020 (period1) were compared with patients admitted in January-February 2021 (period2). Results: 337 patients were included (98 in period1 and 239 in period2). In period2, fewer patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (65% vs. 84%, P<.001), using high-flow nasal cannulas (CNAF) more frequently (70% vs. 7%, P<.001), ventilation non-invasive mechanical (NIMV) (40% vs. 14%, P<.001), corticosteroids (100% vs. 96%, P=.007) and prone position in both awake (42% vs. 28%, P=.012), and intubated patients (67% vs. 54%, P=.034). The days of IMV, ICU stay and hospital stay were lower in period2. Mortality was similar in the two periods studied (16% vs. 17%). Conclusions: After one year of pandemic, we observed that in patients admitted to the ICU, CNAF, NIMV, use of the prone position, and corticosteroids have been used more frequently, reducing the number of patients in IMV, and the length of stay in the ICU and hospital stay. Mortality was similar in the two study periods.(AU)

Mindfulness Prevents Depression and Psychopathology in Elderly People with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: This longitudinal study addressed whether mindfulness practice prevents psychological and behavioral symptoms, especially mood disorders, in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of depression in the course of AD and to determine which non-pharmacological treatment (NPT) is most effective in preventing psychopathological symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal, non-inferiority and equivalence randomized clinical trial, repeated-measures design, with a control group and three experimental treatments: mindfulness, cognitive stimulation, and relaxation. Each experimental group performed three weekly sessions for two years. The pharmacological treatment of all participants was donepezil (10 mg). Participants were patients with probable AD without diagnosed depression from the public neurology services of the Canary Health Service, Spain. Psychological evaluation was performed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q). The statistical analysis included only patients who attended at least 75% of the sessions. A nonparametric, repeated-measures analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis H test and between-group differences with Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.008). Effect size was calculated with partial eta-squared. RESULTS: The results showed significant differences with large effect sizes (η2p>0.14) between mindfulness and the rest of the experimental groups as well as the control in the GDS, HDRS, and NPI-Q scales. CONCLUSION: Compared to the other experimental groups, only mindfulness prevented the onset of depression and other psychopathologies in early-stage AD. Based on its effectiveness in maintaining cognitive functions and preventing psychopathology, we recommend mindfulness as the first-choice NPT for mild to moderate AD.

Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and Children's Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory: A reliability generalization meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (FOCI) and its pediatric version, the Children's Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (C-FOCI), are instruments for evaluating obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. METHOD: A reliability generalization meta-analysis was conducted to estimate an average reliability of the scores and to identify study characteristics that explained the heterogeneity among scores. Using Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20) and Cronbach's α, a total of 23 and 20 independent samples were included in the meta-analysis for the FOCI and C-FOCI. RESULTS: We found an average KR-20 of 0.826 for the FOCI's Symptom Checklist and an α of 0.882 FOCI's Symptom Severity. An average KR-20 of 0.740 was found for the C-FOCI's Symptom Checklist, while an average α of 0.794 was found for the C-FOCI's Symptom Severity. Moderator analyses showed that the source of the coefficients (i.e., whether they were reported by the authors of the primary study or estimated by the meta-analysts) was an important variable for the FOCI Symptom Severity, and that the focus of the study (i.e., whether it was psychometric or applied) and the sample size were relevant for the C-FOCI Symptom Checklist. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that the FOCI and C-FOCI are scales characterized by their brevity and ease of use, and the reliabilities obtained here, both scales are well suited for screening purposes.

Retrospective Analysis of Retroperitoneal-Abdominal-Pelvic Ganglioneuromas: An International Study by the Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG).

OBJECTIVE: The Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group conducted a retrospective study on the disease course and clinical management of ganglioneuromas. BACKGROUND: Ganglioneuromas are rare tumors derived from neural crest cells. Data on these tumors remain limited to case reports and single-institution case series. METHODS: Patients of all ages with pathologically confirmed primary retroperitoneal, intra-abdominal, and pelvic ganglioneuromas between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2020, were included. We examined demographic, clinicopathologic, and radiologic characteristics, as well as clinical management. RESULTS: Overall, 328 patients from 29 institutions were included. The median age at diagnosis was 37 years with 59.1% of patients being female. Symptomatic presentation comprised 40.9% of cases, and tumors were often located in the extra-adrenal retroperitoneum (67.1%). At baseline, the median maximum tumor diameter was 7.2 cm. One hundred sixteen (35.4%) patients underwent active surveillance, whereas 212 (64.6%) patients underwent resection with 74.5% of operative cases achieving an R0/R1 resection. Serial tumor evaluations showed that malignant transformation to neuroblastoma was rare (0.9%, N=3). Tumors undergoing surveillance had a median follow-up of 1.9 years, with 92.2% of ganglioneuromas stable in size. With a median follow-up of 3.0 years for resected tumors, 84.4% of patients were disease free after resections, whereas recurrences were observed in 4 (1.9%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Most ganglioneuromas have indolent disease courses and rarely transform to neuroblastoma. Thus, active surveillance may be appropriate for benign and asymptomatic tumors particularly when the risks of surgery outweigh the benefits. For symptomatic or growing tumors, resection may be curative.

Critical patients COVID-19 has changed the management and outcomes in the ICU after 1 year of the pandemic? A multicenter, prospective, observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated in Intensive Care Units (ICU) after one year of pandemic. METHODOLOGY: Multicenter, prospective study, which included critical COVID-19 patients in 9 ICUs in northwestern Spain. The clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of patients admitted to the ICU during the months of March-April 2020 (period 1) were compared with patients admitted in January-February 2021 (period 2). RESULTS: 337 patients were included (98 in period 1 and 239 in period 2). In period 2, fewer patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (65% vs 84%, p < 0.001), using high-flow nasal cannulas (CNAF) more frequently (70% vs 7%, p < 0.001), ventilation non-invasive mechanical (NIMV) (40% vs 14%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (100% vs 96%, p = 0.007) and prone position in both awake (42% vs 28%, p = 0.012), and intubated patients (67% vs 54%, p = 0.034). The days of IMV, ICU stay and hospital stay were lower in period 2. Mortality was similar in the two periods studied (16% vs 17%). CONCLUSIONS: After 1 year of pandemic, we observed that in patients admitted to the ICU, CNAF, NIMV, use of the prone position, and corticosteroids have been used more frequently, reducing the number of patients in IMV, and the length of stay in the ICU and hospital stay. Mortality was similar in the two study periods.

Surgical and oncological results after surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with sarcoma liver metastases.

INTRODUCTION: The presence of liver metastases in sarcomatous tumors is associated with poor prognosis. However, in selected patients, surgical resection has been suggested as a tool to improve survival rates. The aim of our study is to describe postoperative and oncological outcomes after liver resection. METHODS: A retrospective unicentric study was conducted including patients diagnosed with hepatic metastases from soft tissue sarcoma who underwent hepatic resection between 2003-2019. The inclusion criteria were the presence of resectable disease, including synchronic and metachronic lesions. The presence of extra-hepatic controlled disease was not considered unresectable. RESULTS: Nineteen patients underwent liver resection for liver metastasis of 7 different sarcomatous subtypes. Median age was 58-years. Liver metastases were diagnosed a median 25 months after primary tumor diagnosis. Six patients (32%) suffered of synchronic metastases and 12 (63%) were affected of extrahepatic disease. Major hepatectomy was done in 5 (26 %) patients, 8 (42%) minor complications were described. Median follow-up was 33 months. Survival analysis was performed independently for, GIST tumors and non-GIST sarcomas. One, three and five-year survival rate was 100%, 85.7% and 42.9% in non-GIST sarcomas, while Five and ten-year survival rate was 100% and 40% in GIST, respectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical approach of liver metastases of sarcomatous tumors seems to be useful in order to improve survival in selected patients, while been associated to low complications rate. In our cohort, extrahepatic disease rate is high in comparison with series published before, nevertheless survival is comparable. These results support performing surgical resection in selected patients with stable extrahepatic disease.

[Critical patients COVID-19 has changed the management and outcomes in the ICU after 1 year of the pandemic? A multicenter, prospective, observational study]. / Pacientes críticos COVID-19. ¿Han variado el manejo y los resultados en la UCI tras un año de pandemia? Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, observacional.

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated in intensive care units (ICU) after one year of pandemic. Methodology: Multicenter, prospective study, which included critical COVID-19 patients in 9 ICUs in northwestern Spain. The clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of patients admitted to the ICU during the months of March-April 2020 (period 1) were compared with patients admitted in January-February 2021 (period 2). Results: 337 patients were included (98 in period 1 and 239 in period 2). In period 2, fewer patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (65% vs. 84%, P < .001), using high-flow nasal cannulas (CNAF) more frequently (70% vs. 7%, P < .001), ventilation non-invasive mechanical (NIMV) (40% vs. 14%, P < .001), corticosteroids (100% vs. 96%, P = .007) and prone position in both awake (42% vs. 28%, P = .012), and intubated patients (67% vs. 54%, P = .034). The days of IMV, ICU stay and hospital stay were lower in period 2. Mortality was similar in the two periods studied (16% vs. 17%). Conclusions: After one year of pandemic, we observed that in patients admitted to the ICU, CNAF, NIMV, use of the prone position, and corticosteroids have been used more frequently, reducing the number of patients in IMV, and the length of stay in the ICU and hospital stay. Mortality was similar in the two study periods.

Effectiveness of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in lung cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in lung cancer survivors. METHODS: We performed a literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct (last search March 2022). Quality assessment and risk of bias were assessed using the Downs and Black scale and the Cochrane tool. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials were performed. We included controlled trials testing the effect of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in lung cancer survivors versus a control intervention where lung cancer patients had no treatment, were receiving the usual care, or had not an active role in the intervention. The data were pooled and a meta-analysis was completed for quality of life, psychological distress, and cancer-related symptoms. RESULTS: We selected 14 studies, which included 1519 patients with lung cancer. The treatment status of these patients was heterogeneous. Healthy lifestyle programs were applied isolated or in combination with usual care in most of the studies. The components of the healthy lifestyle programs were also heterogeneous. Results showed significant differences in favor of healthy lifestyle-based interventions in comparison to the control group for quality of life (p = 0.01), psychological distress (p = 0.05), and cancer-related symptoms (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated a beneficial effect of healthy lifestyle-based interventions for improving quality of life, psychological distress, and cancer-related symptoms in lung cancer patients. However, this review could not show any conclusion about the better treatment moment to apply healthy lifestyle-based interventions. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021292152. REVIEW REGISTRATION DATE: 19/12/2021.

Apendicitis aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19: experiencia en un centro de alta complejidad en Boyacá, Colombia / Acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience in a high-level complex center in Boyacá, Colombia

Introducción. La pandemia de COVID-19 replanteó la forma de atención en los sistemas de salud, afectando todas aquellas patologías no relacionadas con infecciones respiratorias, como la apendicitis aguda. El miedo al contagio por SARS-CoV-2 y las medidas restrictivas a la movilidad pudieron aumentar el tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta la consulta al servicio de urgencias, derivando en complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. Métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte trasversal y retrospectivo, donde se incluyeron todos los pacientes diagnosticados con apendicitis aguda llevados a apendicectomía, que fueron divididos en dos grupos, considerados prepandemia, desde el 1° de septiembre de 2018 al 15 de marzo de 2020, y pandemia, desde el 16 de marzo de 2020 al 30 de septiembre de 2021. Resultados. Fueron identificados 1000 pacientes, distribuidos en 501 pacientes en el grupo prepandemia y 499 en el grupo pandemia. El promedio de tiempo de consulta desde el momento de inicio de síntomas hasta consulta fue de 43 horas en el grupo prepandemia y de casi 45 horas en el grupo pandemia. Discusión. A pesar de las restricciones por la enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus y el miedo que puede existir por el contagio, en nuestro centro no se evidenció un cambio en el manejo y presentación de los pacientes diagnosticados con apendicitis aguda

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic varied the way health systems were attended, thus affecting pathologies not related to respiratory infections, such as acute appendicitis. Fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mobility restrictive measures may have implied a longer time from the onset of symptoms to consultation of the emergency department, leading to intraoperative and postoperative complications. Methods. Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study, identifying all patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis and taken for appendectomy, divided into two groups, considered pre-pandemic, from September 1, 2018 to March 15, 2020, and pandemic, from March 16, 2020 to September 30, 2021. Results. One-thousand patients were identified, 501 patients were distributed in the pre-pandemic group and 499 in the pandemic group. The average consultation time from the time of onset of symptoms to consultation was 43 hours in the prepandemic group and almost 45 hours in the pandemic. Discussion. Despite the restrictions due to the disease caused by the new coronavirus and the fear that may existed due to contagion, in our center there was no evidence of a change in the management and presentation of patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis

Effect of Ionic Liquids in the Elaboration of Nanofibers of Cellulose Bagasse from Agave tequilana Weber var. azul by Electrospinning Technique.

The objective of this paper was to report the effect of ionic liquids (ILs) in the elaboration of nanofibers of cellulose bagasse from Agave tequilana Weber var. azul by the electrospinning method. The ILs used were 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), and DMSO was added as co-solvent. To observe the effect of ILs, this solvent was compared with the organic solvent TriFluorAcetic acid (TFA). The nanofibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray, Fourier transform-infrared using attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM showed different diameters (ranging from 35 to 76 nm) of cellulose nanofibers with ILs (CN ILs). According to X-ray diffraction, a notable decrease of the crystalline structure of cellulose treated with ILs was observed, while FTIR-ATR showed two bands that exhibit the physical interaction between cellulose nanofibers and ILs. TGA revealed that CN ILs exhibit enhanced thermal properties due to low or null cellulose crystallinity. CN ILs showed better characteristics in all analyses than nanofibers elaborated with TFA organic solvent. Therefore, CN ILs provide new alternatives for cellulose bagasse. Due to their small particle size, CN ILs could have several applications, including in food, pharmaceutical, textile, and material areas, among others.